To resolve the 'Git index.lock' error during a commit:

  1. Confirm the existence of the lock file using ls project_path/.git/index.lock.
  2. Change ownership of the '.git' directory: sudo chown -R your_username:your_group project_path/.git.
  3. Investigate and terminate concurrent processes using tools like lsof.
  4. Restart your machine to clear any lingering conflicts.

These steps should address the issue and allow for successful commits.

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